The Wars of Mexico Throughout History

American Imperialism Characteristics - 903 Words

American Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century extended from several characteristics of America and American society, including but not limited to exceptionalism and manifest destiny. While these beliefs not only supported and manifested the perpetual effort to exploit and later completely oppress and subjugate the Native American populations within its borders, they also supported the later establishment of reservations and the practice of Native American boarding school education. But, American Imperialism extended far beyond its ever-expanding territory (Yale, 2008, Avalon Project). Rather, evidence existed in many corners of the world, like Asia, Southeast Asia, and Cuba. American Imperialism informed numerous unequal†¦show more content†¦Moreover, it more accurately made America the oppressor and therefore deemed its founding documents and the beliefs therein invalid (Halsell, 1997, p. 1). In fact, Halsell (1997) articulates that American Imperialism is contrary to â⠂¬Å"the spirit of 1776† (p.1). Americans began increasingly questioning the American government’s actions and policies regarding the aforementioned reasons. Subjugating people in the Philippines, in China before, during and after the Opium Wars and in both the Hawaiian Islands and the Aleutian Islands clearly violated the most sacred American beliefs. More importantly, these actions violated the very principles upon which America was founded, the principles that cohesively held a nation together. For these reasons, this inspired debate and divisions among the American people and among government officials and representatives. Yet, America essentially picked up where other Colonial countries left off. For example, it assumed Spain’s role after its victory in the Spanish American war. Accordingly, it continued Spain’s military suppression of the people in the Philippines. While Halsell (1997) clearly states that many Americans counter-argued these actions co ntending that the Filipinos deserved freedom, American military efforts persisted from 1861 until 1899 (p. 1). Culminating in the ultimate oppression and subjugation of the Filipino population, American Imperialism deniedShow MoreRelatedImperialism Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism could be considered as a defining characteristic of America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Imperialism is defined as â€Å"a policy of extending a countrys power and influence through diplomacy or military force† (Imperialism and Immigration). When it comes to imperialism in America, I must say that other factors were more influential than social Darwinism. Although I do agree to a certain extent that social Darwinism did play a big role, things such as expansionist objectivesRead MoreWas Manifest Destiny, An Ideology Coined By John L. O Sullivan Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesWas Manifest Destiny a benevolent movement or in fact was it early imperialism pursued at the expens e of others? The Manifest Destiny, an ideology coined by John L. O’Sullivan, described the attitude of American’s in the 19th century in regards to the expansion of the United States. There are disagreements on whether this expansion was a benevolent movement or an act of early imperialism. Some think because the 19th century Americans saw the expansion as a task given by God that was based on goodRead MoreWestern Imperialism and Modern East Asia Essay example1188 Words   |  5 PagesWestern imperialism in East Asia caused many tribulations for China, Japan, and Korea but also helped them to become contemporary nations. The East Asian countries were tremendously affected by unequal treaties, extraterritoriality, and above all, technology. Great Britain encroached upon China their greed for open trade with the Chinese empire resulting in the deterioration of the Chinese culture, which led to the emergence of a modernized civilization. Japan was co-subjugated by Russia and theRe ad MoreIs There Any Good to Imperialism?1114 Words   |  4 Pagesany good to Imperialism? â€Å"Monopolies, oligarchy, the striving for domination and not for freedom, the exploitation of an increasing number of small or weak nations by a handful of the richest or most powerful nations. All these have given birth to those distinctive characteristics of imperialism which compel us to define it as parasitic or decaying capitalism.† (Ulyanov, P.286) Very strong words are used when talking about imperialism. Some people believe they know what imperialism is, but manyRead MoreDifference Between Formal And Informal Imperialism1721 Words   |  7 PagesDIFFERENCE BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL IMPERIALISM Name University Course Tutor Date Difference between formal and informal imperialism Throughout the history of the world, different kingdoms have been competing to expand their territories. In most cases, the expansion of theses territories has been at the expense of weaker territories that are incapable of fighting back effectively owing to different barriers . For example, the Mongols expanded their territory in less than a hundred yearsRead MoreUnderstanding the Convergence of Media Systems and Political Communication in the U.S. and Western Europe1054 Words   |  5 Pageschanges as causally prior to media system change. Americanization and Globalization The phenomenon of homogenization in world media systems was first emphasized as a scholarly issue in the cultural imperialism literature of the 1960s and 1970s. Cultural imperialism theory was obviously a theory of external influence (e.g. Schiller, 1969, 1976; Boyd-Barret, 1977). It saw homogenization as a result of cultural domination. The global expansion of mass media industriesRead MoreImperialism is Almost Never Acceptable1629 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough imperialism or the act of conquering another country, taking over and using that country for support of the mother country for things such as natural resources, cheap labor and economic benefits such as international seaports. Imperialism was the empowerment of another country such as Great Britain over India. Imperialism was a type of social darwinism where the country that imperialized the most places was to be the strongest, fittest, and most likely to survive. Reasons for imperialism varyRead MoreThe Crystal Frontier By Carlos Fuentes1438 Words   |  6 PagesCrystal Frontier, Carlos Fuentes presents two of his main characters in much a similar fashion; in Spoils, we find Dionisio is a world-renowned chef and cuisine connoisseur, and also a fervent critic of American cuisine and culture. Dionisio believes that through his country’s chromosomal imperialism, Mexico will be able to solidify its sphere of influence in America; however, when he travels to the United States, he indulges in the same institutions that he ridicules when he lives in Mexico. SimilarlyRead MoreIn his 1974 speech to the U.N. General Assembly, Yasser Arafat said: â€Å"The difference between the1600 Words   |  7 Pagesother words, Arafat here means the â€Å"furtherance of their rightful causes and the attainment of their right to self-determination.† In toto, then, Arafat predictably equivocates that the â€Å"developing† world is â€Å"gripped by armed struggles provoked by imperialism and racial discrimination† which are â€Å"merely forms of aggression and terror.† This, then is the seedbed of his argument; realpolitik (in terms of maximizing national competence) is not only outmoded, it is morally wrong-instead, nations that haveRead MoreThe widespread image of American culture is seen to hold a strong base for gl obalisation. The1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe widespread image of American culture is seen to hold a strong base for globalisation. The extensive connectivity of the modern world, confirms Marshal McLuhans prediction of the global village. Globalisation is commonly seen as western culture imputing international cultures. Internet and television have also created transnational media whereas globalisation is commonly seen as a flow of information impending of western culture. Whereas, how will the younger generation will not be able to enjoy

Decision Support System - 1819 Words

Decision Support Systems December 22, 2014 Decision Support Systems Many businesses are faced with situations that need critical analysis, compilation of raw data, circulation of precise documents and effective utilization of computer systems. Frito Lay is an example of a company who implemented various decision support systems (DSS) into their business model. A DSS is a â€Å"highly flexible and interactive IT system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured.† (Haag, Cummins p.162) Managers require information to guide their organization in the right direction. DSS increases productivity, efficiency, and enhances understanding of business processes. DSS helped carve their business success,†¦show more content†¦A Graphical Information System â€Å"is a decision support system designed specifically to analyze spatial information.† (Haag, Cummings. P.166) The graphical data demonstrated by the GIS is used to analyze roads, sewer systems, paths of hurricanes, free ways, traffic, or any graphical data that can be statistically represented. Document-driven DSS is also dissimilar to the other 3 decision support systems mentioned earlier. Document-Driven DSS is focused on the retrieval and management of documents. Document-driven DSS is targeted at a broad base of user groups, and the purpose of such a DSS is to explore web pages and locate documents. The user types in key words and search the DSS for answers, and the DSS gives information that the user has requested. DSS systems are beyond doubt helpful in assisting management and providing solutions while confronting complex issues. However, artificial intelligence can be included to enhance DSS capabilities. An Information Technology department â€Å"can further expand business brainpower by means of artificial intelligence (AI)-the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behavior.† (Haag, Cummins p.167) The AI systems that are utilized in the business world include expert syst ems, neutral networks, genetic algorithms, and intelligent agents. Expert systems are an excellent source of elucidation. The expert system has the ability to diagnose problems andShow MoreRelatedDecision Support Systems1031 Words   |  5 Pagesthe choices that have been made. Decisions are made by individuals based on the surrounding factors. The type of jobs or where one resides are some of the decisions that are made. In addition, one can be faced with problems that he or she must resolve in order to learn from it. In the business world decisions are made based on the given factors that are presented. Organizations can use the assistance of a decision support system to help facilitate with the decision making. Mesa’s Foundation Trust Read MoreDecision Support Systems ( Dss )1056 Words   |  5 PagesDecision support systems (DSS) is an umbrella term that describes an interactive, computerised system that supports decision making in an organisation using data and models (Druzdzel Flynn 2002; Sharda et al. 2014). Whereas knowledge-based decision support system (KB-DSS) is generally a rule based system used to provide expertise. (Sharda et al. 2014). It is essentially an expert system but it may also use documented knowledge as a source of expertise (Sharda et al. 2014). KB-DSS has well definedRead MoreThe Decision Support Systems Of Walmart1233 Words   |  5 PagesBenjamin Franklin wisely said, â€Å"An investment in knowledge, always pays the best interest.† This is true for many businesses that now implement the use of decision support systems. They are investing in the knowledge that a DSS can provide them by analyzing astounding amounts of data. In 1992, Walmart became one of the first big users of enterprise data warehouses successfully and exponentially. In 1962, Walmart was founded by Sam Walton after owning several profitable Ben Franklin franchises. EvenRead MoreDecision Support Systems in Organizational Decision Making800 Words   |  4 PagesDecision Support Systems in Organizational Decision Making Decision making refers to the process of finding and selecting options according to the priorities and values of the person making the decision. Since there are many choices involved, it is important to identify as many options as possible so as to pick the option that best fits a company’s target, goals, values and vision. Due to the integral role of decision making in company growth and financial progress, many firms such as Amazon.comRead MoreDecision Support Systems : An Interactive Computer Based Support System1070 Words   |  5 PagesDecision Support Systems: Decision support system is an interactive computer based support system that aids decisions making in an organization. It helps any organization or even a small sized business in decision making process. An appropriately planned Decision Support System is an intuitive programming based framework expected to help leaders gather valuable data from crude information, records, individual learning, and/or plans of action to recognize and take care of issues and decide. This canRead MoreDecision Support System and Managerial Decision Making4565 Words   |  19 PagesFALL 2011 Decision Support System and Managerial Decision Making Prof. Hassan Qudrat-Ullah Due Date: December 8, 2011 By: Farazeh Khalid Mian Abhishek Sahi Table of Contents SECTION NUMBER | SECTION NAME | PAGE NUMBER | | Abstract | 3 | 11.11.2 | IntroductionWhat is decision making? What is a Decision Support System? | 3, 44, 5, 6 | 22.12.22.3 | Literature Review DSS in the business environmentImportant attributes of the Decision Support SystemCapabilitiesRead MoreUnderstanding Clinical Decision Support System800 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Clinical Decision Support System, Its Origin and the Changing Face The Era has begun where a tremendous amount of data and silos of information are being generated. The websites, blogs, the electronic health record are all jam-packed with information. Posts from Facebook, tweets from twitters, interactive websites are a rich source of information. If one can imagine, information has as much as widespread as the universe. However, what happens to the heap of information generated? DoRead MoreCase Study : Decision Support Systems1285 Words   |  6 PagesHarvard Cooperative Society Decision Support Systems According to the text, business research can be described in many ways. It is best to classify research based on four potential functions it provides in a business setting. The first is foundational, which provides answers to simple questions. In addition, there is testing which concentrates on new product notions or promotional concepts. Thirdly, there is the examination of any issues or problems that may arise that will have an influence of theRead MoreDecision Support System ( Dss ) Integration1170 Words   |  5 Pages Decision Support System(DSS) Integration for the Business Model of the Ye Olde Steampunk Emporium Student Name : In Bum Choi Student ID : 0061092505 Course : Professional skills for Information Systems Course ID : CIS5100 5th October 2016 â€Æ' With the development of commercial transaction, there is a surge of demand of commercial evaluation and prediction. In this circumstance, many entrepreneurs tried to understand and predict patterns of customers purchase, and foresee to prepareRead MoreComputer-based Information System of Decision Support System2569 Words   |  10 PagesFarangiz from group number 212 and will contain basic details about the different types of Information Systems and their functions as well as features. The main objective of this report is to provide you with an overview of Information System. Initially, it will contain the features of Executive Information system(EIS), Management Information system(MIS), Expert system (ES) and Decision Support system(DSS).Also, this document will gives information about one form of Emerging Technology that plays a vital

Views on The Role of Public Opinion Free Essays

The constitution in America has been changed with regards to the public opinion-related parts and stated, echoing the founding fathers, that the public in the modern world, due to the complexity of the modern world, are not interested in political issues, and are particularly ignorant of matters they do not have experience with, specially foreign affairs. According to Walter Lippmann, an American sociologist, ordinary people working only, with what he named, stereotypes are not capable of understanding politics. Which is quiet a discriminative theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Views on The Role of Public Opinion or any similar topic only for you Order Now People understand their needs, their wants, and their needs for well-being; those should be the only policy and are the sole fundamentals of political economy. Politicians should not care about investment and whatever else. They should only care about the well-being of the peoples. That is why governments should be elected from the people, and by the people here I mean the working class. Because the working class is the core of the society, and the vast majority of the population. And without whom the rest of the population would not feed, dress, or even be able to work on the streets. Without the proletarians, all the capitalists’ farms, factories, businesses would stop and get bankrupt. And eventually people would starve if the proletarians stopped working. Imagine the mass of efficiency the proletarians have on any society. In conclusion, since the efficiency of the proletariat has been displayed, technocracy and popular governments is the answer opposing Lippmann’s theory. Lippmann added that the primary problem of popular governments is that the members are always violently prejudging matters, apathy, and preference curious trivial and dull important matters, and are hungry for side shows and three legged calves. And that even if they improved their characters they would not be of any aid to the governments because they do not spend enough time to study political issues they do not know about. And as if though Lippmann considers academic politicians live in another world or come from another planet, he continues to under-estimate the masses and the populace. And goes on even further and calls the masses shallow minded and think of unimportant matters. And that actually is the problem; Lippmann thinks that rational and educated peoples should be standing amongst noble and aristocratic ruling class. Meanwhile, what we think is that they should be standing amongst the working class, supporting them with their knowledge  and rationalism, against the government in their decisions that increases the suffering of the working class or the poor class, supporting the government when they work on the decreasing of such pains and sufferings. It would be a lot easier this way. While as matter of fact, technocratic governments would only think of making the average citizen’s life easier, because they, themselves, have suffered the everyday, equally as the average citizen before, and while, being in office. It would be a lot easier. Collaboration between the government and the people would be at its upmost. How to cite Views on The Role of Public Opinion, Papers

Innovation - Creativity and Entrepreneurship - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInnovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship. Answer: Introduction Innovation and innovators play a critical role in the business world. When speaking of innovators, the role of outside innovators is considered to be fundamental, and the success of companies like Apple Inc. confirms this fact (Boudreau Lakhani 2009, p. 69). The aspect of having a reliance on outside innovators is what has given companies like Apple Inc. a name, especially when looking at the iPhone (Boudreau Lakhani 2009, p. 69). Open innovation, according to Lichtenthaler (2011, p. 76), is the tendency of businesses to make use of knowledge inflows and outflows as the sources for ideas and acceleration of innovation strategies. Co-innovation, on the other hand, is considered to be a type of open innovation. Co-innovation is defined by Griffith (n.d, p. 1) to involve the collaboration of two or more partners that work purposively in the management of the flow of mutual knowledge across the boundaries of the organizations through joint innovation and commercialization of the said i nnovation. Overall, open innovation allows companies to commercialize its ideas as well as those from other firms and as a result, identify ways of taking its in-house ideas to the market through the adoption of pathways outside its current business set up (Chesbrough 2011, p. 1). It is apparent that the concepts of open innovation and co-innovation have set root in the present world, and they have profound implications for business as the section below will confirm. Implications of Open Innovation and Co-innovation The implications of open innovation and co-innovation are felt in areas such as the firm's strategy, generation of ideas, performance, business models and intellectual property, among others. Detailed information on this is outlined below. Firm Strategy Business strategy is considered by Chesbrough and Appleyard (2009, p. 58) is considered to be a vast field. As a matter of fact, business strategy has been linked to a firm's plan to use its opportunities against the threats that may manifest in its environment (Chesborough Appleyard 2009, p. 58). Open innovation has transformed the design of business strategies. As businesses shift from the closed innovation, where research and development departments took the centre stage, to open innovation, changes to the business strategies have been noted to take place. As stated by Chesbrough and Appleyard (2009, p. 60). Some of the changes that are deemed as being imperative in the open business strategies take note of value creation and value capture (Chesborough Appleyard 2009, p. 60). Creation of value through the open innovation would tend to take the approach of a public good (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 60). In such a case, value creation is not a rival, where it can be consumed, a nd its experience will not be degraded. Additionally, value creation would allow access to all comers (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 60). When looking at the concepts of value creation and value capture as the implications of open business strategies, it essential to understand the concepts of knowledge creation in open invention, and ecosystem creation in open coordination (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 62). Value creation is dependent on knowledge, which can, in turn, be profitable as established by Chesbrough and Appleyard (2009, p. 62). The very essence of pooled knowledge in value creation is superior to the knowledge that is drawn from an individual contributor (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 62). Similar to the concept of the open invention that is achievable under pooled knowledge creation, it is essential to note that open coordination is also imperative. This is in the sense that it has fostered the instigation of building consensus on topics that include technology standards, which have played a fundamental role to the flourishing of business ecosystems (Chesbrough Appleyard 2009, p. 62). From the above, it is clear that open innovation and co-innovation have fostered changes to the strategies that firms adopt. Performance Open innovation has implications on the performance of businesses. As identified by Chen, Tsou and Ching (2011, p. 1335), businesses with a greater innovation capacity tend to be more prepared to respond to their environments in a successful manner. As a matter of fact, these businesses tend to have the capabilities they need to gain a competitive edge, while they improve their overall performance (Chen, Tsou Ching 2011, p. 1335). Collaborations, under the concepts of co-innovation/ co-production, allow businesses to inaugurate innovations much faster and in an effective manner (Chen, Tsou, Ching 2011, p. 1335). Innovation orientation practices in businesses are considered to be a critical addition to collaborations (Chen, Tsou, Ching 2011, p. 1335). Innovation orientation will in turn foster creativity and the overall development of innovation practices in business as identified by (Chen, Tsou, Ching 2011, p. 1335), thus activate the cycle of performance improvement. Business Models, Principles, and Rules The implication of open innovation and co-innovation is felt on business models that are adopted by firms. The new model of open innovation, according to Chesbrough (2003, p. 1), is based on a wide pool of knowledge, which must be put to use immediately, if firms are to reap the benefits of the value that they possess. The new open innovation model holds that organizations must not have restrictions in the knowledge that it unveils in its research; particularly to the market pathways that are internally based (Chesbrough 2003, p. 1). In addition, the internal pathways must also not be restricted to only taking a given business internal knowledge capabilities to the market (Chesbrough 2003, p. 1). The open innovation model promotes rules that are defiant of those that are propelled by the old closed innovation model (Chesbrough 2003, p. 1). In reality, a difference rests with the principles that are upheld by the open and the closed business innovation models. The principles in the closed business innovation model, as established by Chesbrough (2003, p. 1) take note of the fact that smart people in the field of a given business, work for the said firm. Another principle considers the fact that for businesses to benefit from R D, they ought to come up with ideas, develop it and then market it by themselves. Another principle in the model consider that if businesses discover an idea by themselves, then they ought to take the idea to the market by themselves, Other principles consider the fact that if businesses commercialize an idea, then the win and if they create the best ideas in the field they also stand a winning chance. Finally, the model lives by the principle of control ling a business intellectual property so that competitors do not benefit from the firms ideas. In contrast, to the closed business innovation model, the principles upheld by the open business innovation model consider the following; Not every smart person works for the company, and so great ideas ought to be sourced from outside. External RD is essential in the creation of significant value, which internal RD can claim a section of it (Chesbrough Crowther 2006, p. 229). Another principle under the model is that businesses do not have to come up with ideas to benefit from them. Another principle identifies the fact that the development of a sound business model was essential than taking an idea to the market. Making good use of both internal and external RD allows companies to garner success. Finally, the open innovation model, businesses should allow other firms to use their IP, and the said companies should buy other's IP, especially if it propels a given company's business model. Idea Generation and Social Communities According to West and Lakhani (2008, p. 1), present studies confirm the fact that innovation had been linked to the role that communities play. The role that is played by outside communities is especially important when looking at the creation, shaping, and transferring of technology and social-based innovations (West Lakhani 2008, p. 1). Evidently, communities play a critical role in idea creation, in open innovation, which ends up being adapted, adopted or disseminated. It is essential to note that a significant implication of open innovation rests with the essence of new idea generation, which can be developed and commercialized by firms. Challenges of Open Innovation Asides from the positive implications that open innovation displays for businesses, as presented above, it is essential to note that the concept of open innovation has challenges as identified by West and Gallagher (2006, p. 3) rests with three concepts namely maximization, incorporation and motivation. Under maximization, firms have to be in a position where they can find vast approaches of maximizing the returns that emanate from internal innovation. Under incorporation, firms have to understand that they cannot locate the benefit of external innovation, where there is a lack of the relevant knowledge that can allow incorporating its knowledge to the innovation activities. Finally, firms have to ensure that a source of replenishing the individual external contributors through motivation. As determined by Seltzer and Mahmoudi (2013, p. 1), open innovation under the concepts of crowdsourcing allows flow of ideas from diverse groups of people that are different from those in the organization, as a means of finding new solutions to challenges, and sites like OpenIDEO confirm this aspect. Open innovation is unpredictable for firms and engagement in it, calls for the presence of time and resources (Seltzer Mahmoudi 2013, p. 12). Crowdsourcing and citizen participation via the web heighten the workload level for companies, which ought to be managed, that requires the time of planners. Participation time is also of the essence for the participants to a challenge, given that it is considered to be leisure-time. In summary, challenges with the quality of participation, time and resources are apparent for web crowdsourcing platforms like OpenIDEO. Conclusion The concepts of open innovation and co-innovation are essential to businesses. The implication of the idea of open innovation is impeccable, both positively and negatively. It is essential for firms to understand the basics of the concepts and the weaknesses that manifest therein; in this case, attention is paid to sites like OpenIDEO. List of References Boudreau, K. and Lakhani, K., 2009. How to manage outside innovation. MIT Sloan management review, 50(4), p.69. Chen, J.S., Tsou, H.T. and Ching, R.K., 2011. Co-production and its effects on service innovation. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(8), pp.1331-1346. Chesbrough, H., and Appleyard, M. (2007) Open Innovation and Strategy. California Management Review. Vol. 50, NO. 1 Fall. Chesbrough, H. (2003) The Era of Open Innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 44, pp. 35-42, 2003. Chesbrough, H. (2011). Bringing open innovation to services. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(2), 85-90. Chesbrough, H. and Crowther, A.K. (2006). Beyond high tech: early adopters of open innovation in other industries. RD Management 36(3): 229-236. Griffith, T. n.d. Co-Innovation as a Form of Open Innovation. Available at: https://cims.ncsu.edu/co-innovation-as-a-form-of-open-innovation/ Lichtenthaler, U., 2011. Open Innovation: Past research, current debates, and future directions. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(1), pp.75-93. Seltzer, E. and Mahmoudi, D., 2013. Citizen participation, open innovation, and crowdsourcing: Challenges and opportunities for planning. CPL Bibliography, 28(1), pp.3-18. West, J. and Gallagher, S., 2006. Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open?source software. Rd Management, 36(3), pp.319-331. West, J., Lakhani, K. R. (2008). Getting clear about communities in open innovation. Industry and Innovation, 15(2), 223-231.

Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher Essay Example

Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher Essay This paper will focus upon the roles, responsibilities and boundaries in planning, managing and delivering learning based around the teaching training cycle. This covers the application of learning styles to identify the differences of my learners. The issues of entitlement, equality, diversity and Inclusitivity will be addressed. It will also address the relevant legislation in my area of expertise and the importance of record keeping to maintain quality standards. The outline of scheme of work, lesson planning, methods used and resources available to meet the needs of my learners. Contents Introduction4 Roles, responsibilities and functions of a teacher4 Designing6 Induction6 Effective Lesson Plan8 Scheme of Work8 Key Principle of Learning9 Motivation10 Group Learning12 Learning Styles13 Honey and Mumford Questionnaire13 Domains of Learning14 Facilitating Learning14 Communication14 Inclusion16 Resource Materials/ Teaching Strategies17 Current Legislation17 Managing Behaviour and Disruption18 Functional Skills18 Mentoring and Support19 Micro teaching19 Explain the need for record keeping? 19 Assessing Learning19 Quality Assurance of Assessment decisions20 Formative/Summative Assessment20 Self Evaluation21 Reflective Journals22 Continued professional Development22 Conclusion22 Referencing22 Introduction This assignment will look at the roles, responsibilities and boundaries of a teacher. I will discuss how a teacher has a major effect upon students learning and behaviour. I will discuss the different theories that are related to learning and teaching methods and how they can be used within your teaching practice. I will also pay attention to my students learning styles so that my students are kept motivated and learn effectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This will enable me to accommodate their needs. I will identify the key aspects of current legislative requirements and codes of practice. I will include how information is gathered about the student and the importance of an Individual Educational Plan. I will examine the different types of assessment methods used and the importance of feedback. It will briefly go onto discuss the different types of records you would keep and why I considered record keeping to be important. I will identify how I implemented functional skills within my subject specialism. I will explain the importance of self reflection and how it enables you to improve your teaching practice. Roles, responsibilities and functions of a teacher The role and responsibilities of a teacher vary as is depends upon where and what you are going to teach. A teachers is not only to teach knowledge and skills to them, but to inspire them, be creative and finding ways to encourage learning. According to Marshall, B (2006). â€Å"Perhaps the most important is passing on what they know about a certain area or subject and ensuring that learners have enough practice and motivation to pass the ourse†. There are a number of roles and responsibilities that I need to carry out as this will help assist me to meet the needs of my learners effectively. These might include: ? Following professional values and ethics ? To create a safe learning environment ? Must possess subject knowledge. This shows the student that you are confident ? Give advice but keep it limited ? Must always ta ke a register ? Observe confidentiality ? Show patience ? Must possess classroom management skills ? Must track down students if they fail to attend lesson ? Make sure learning takes place Use safe equipment ? Diagnostic assessment ? Establish needs of the learner During my induction period at NTC I was provided with information about the college policies, current legislation and details about my roles and responsibilities. I have my own mentor that provides continuous help and support throughout my Teacher Training course. I tend to keep a record of what I teach I am going to teach and how my learners are progressing. I thought it was useful to set up a course file which contain all the documentation that is needed to deliver the course. This includes the syllabus, session plan, scheme of work, assignments handouts and activities. All the record of my learners are kept alphabetically so that I can easily access the learners information easily. I tend to keep certain information about my learners such as their application form, interview, Initial assessment, assessment records, action plan, tutorials, and review notes. I always make sure that I have some extra stationery hand as many of my students tend to forget to bring it with them. There are so many characteristics that make up an effective teacher. I always have additional worksheets prepared for my learners to carry out just in case the session finished earlier than expected. Teachers are addressed with many names such as assessor, coach, facilitator, counsellor mentor however it is necessary that I must work within my professional boundaries. It is about knowing where my role stops as a tutor. For instant make call to a learner to find out why they have not turned up, but continuously ringing the learner is not appropriate. I always make sure that I follow organisational requirements and policies. Below are some boundaries of a teacher: Your roles are limited to teaching pastoral care ? Cant undermine other colleague roles ? Not undermining departmental head ? If a criminal offence has been committed you must follow the legal process ? Making sure that you follow college policy e. g theft or assault Teachers are required by the college policy to attend staff meetings, attend standardisation meetings, take part in discipline p rocess and accurately mark a register and student homework. Most teachers tend to follow the training cycle. The training cycle identifies the learner’s needs and planning. Designing, facilitating and evaluating learning. However I always ensure that I follow through each point in order for teaching and learning to be effective. Identifying needs and planning – This is the stage where you find out the needs of the organisation and the learners. This stage prepares scheme of work and lesson plan taking into consideration the learning styles of each learner, the needs of the organisation, and the syllabus. Designing – Preparing a suitable environment, teaching strategies and resources Facilitating – Teaching and learning in a suitable manner Assessing – Ensuring that learners have met the learning outcomes and obtained knowledge and be able to apply this is practice Evaluation Obtaining feedback from my learners and evaluate so that I can make changes for improvemen Designing When designing the course I took into consideration the target audience so that there is no misconception of what the course entails. It also specified the time, duration and the entry requirements. I made sure that there is no sexual discrimination as the course was aimed at both male and females. There is also no age discrimination as all ages are welcome to join the course. I used a variety of colours, large fonts as this will have a visual impact as more individuals are likely to become aware of the course. The course takes place in the evening as this will give a chance for more learners to join as most individuals will have other commitments during the day such as going to work or looking after children. NTC offer child care facilities in order to attract those who are unable to attend due to not being able to afford child care costs. The course is absolutely free however identification is crucial as this must be bought in during the induction. You can bring in a passport, diving license as well as a bill. Induction When you begin teaching a new group it is very important to know certain points that I need to cover with them. This usually takes place during the induction process. This is a very important process. The induction usually gives an induction to the organisation and the course, I produce a checklist to ensure that I cover everything in the checklist and give learners a copy as this will give me them a framework of what is going to take place. During the induction I introduced myself to the class. I told them a bit about myself in terms of my educational history, where I’m from and my main aim which was to ensure that every learner within the class is learning effectively. I thought it was a good idea carry out an icebreaker as this will help the learners to get to know one another. This was an excellent team building exercise. I got my learners to introduce themselves in front of the class however this can be intimidating for some learners as they have no met any of the learners however most of my students were happy enough to undertake the activity. If I did encounter some problems I would group my learners into pairs and get them to chat to one another to discuss their hobbies and interests. The students really enjoyed this exercise as they got to know the similarities and the different experiences that learners have. The ice breaker helped me to retain attention, keep motivation high and help the group work together. An icebreaker also encourages the following: ? Encourages team work and inclusion ? Breaks down barriers ? Establish trust ? Create a friendly learning environment ? Builds confidence ? Helps reduce nerves Each of my learners had to fill in an application form as this will help me a brief idea about my learners. The application consisted of a section on their personal detail such as name, address, age, date of birth, place of birth. The next sections considered of previous qualifications and experience and a declaration. My learners undertook Initial/diagnostic assessment as this helped me to assess the level of literacy and numeracy skill the learner had. Some courses/qualifications have entry requirements. it also gives me an indication of aspects of work that they need to improve on. As a teacher I must make sure that I am not disadvantaging my learners by placing them on a course/qualification that they are not able to achieve. The initial assessment gave me information about the learner’s current level of ability as this will help me plan learning and assessment. I also conducted a one to one interview which involved asking a number of questions. I asked open ended questions and tried my level best to make my learners comfortable. During this process I got to know why my learner has enrolled on the course. This could be either internal or external. From this It also gave me a general idea on the learners motivation levels. I considered it useful to ask my learners their preferred learning styles as this will have to be taken into considered during the planning process. It gave a chance to identify whether they have any learning difficulties and needed any special adjustments. I thought it was necessary to ask whether they have other commitments and whether this would affect their attendance. Other commitment does tend to have an impact upon whether the learner is able to cope with the workload. It is very important for to know whether my learners have an health issues as my learners may need to need to leave the lesson to take the medicine as this will avoid disruption as I will be aware of why my learner wants to leave the room beforehand. I always ask my learners whether they have previous criminal conviction however I will not discriminate my learners on this basis as everyone must be given a second chance. I gave my learners a tour of the site so that they get familiar way with the building. I also gave them a handout on the facilities that we offer onsite. Such as parking areas, designated smoking areas, catering and toilet points within the organisation. I explained the health and safety procedures which explained the fire procedures, drill practices, and who to report to in an event of emergency. I must make sure that all my students fully understand the health and safety procedures therefore I performed a mini quiz with them which gave me satisfaction that they fully understood the procedures. I explained some details about the course such as the content of the course, learning outcome, how they will be assessed and important dates. We also agreed upon the lunch and break timing as learners need regular breaks to keep them motivated. All learners require ground rules. These are usually set by the organisation. Setting ground rules will help the learner to know their limits. Most learners have expectation from the teacher such as being organised, professional and facilitating learning in the best possible way. I always make sure that I start my sessions on time, write the aims and objectives on the board so that the learners know what is going to be delivered, recapping point and summarising at the end of the session. As a class we produced our ground rules which are the following: ? Mobile phones must be switched of or put on silent in order to avoid distracting the class. Anyone who needs to keep the phone on must inform the teacher as well as informing the group at the beginning of the session so that the call can be taken outside the class ? Must keep up to date with work- If student are not attending class they must make sure that they get the missed information from myself or other peers within the class ? All students must respect one another. Unacceptable behaviour is not acceptable. This can result in Work must be handed in on time. If work is not handed in on time it could lead to failure ? Must attend regularly In order to make sure that these ground rules are not forgotten I encouraged my students to design a poster that can be hung up on the wall so that my learners were aware of what is expected from them. You must allow students to decide upon the ground rules so that they can diffe rentiate between good and bad. It is also very useful to conduct a quiz or multi choice questionnaire that the can stick in their books so that they are constantly reminded of the code of conduct Identifying Learners Needs Scheme of Work A scheme of work is usually prepared i advance. The scheme of work takes into consideration the course requirements and is then broken down into small parts. The scheme of work usually consists of what you are going to cover in each lesson, the teaching activities that are going to be used, the timing for each learning activity in detail as well as the assessment activities. Whilst producing my scheme of work I take into consideration individual needs as well as special learning requirements. I also take into account WWWWWH. The scheme of work consists of the following: Who the lesson is for, the qualifications and the course title ? Location and duration of session ? Aims and objectives ? Activities, resources and assessment Lesson Plan There is a wide variation in regards to a teachers approach to lesson planning. Some teachers have detailed plans whilst others have little information on. Whilst planning a lesson plan there are a number of factors that influence you. A lesson plan consists of a set of aims and objectives in order to achieve the goals that have been set out by the syllabus. I tend to allocate time to the various objectives that have been set out. The aims and objectives covered within the lesson will follow on by assessment/examination. I tend to consider the SMART objectives so that I am able to examine my aims and objectives. I tend to start my lesson with aims and objectives so that the students are aware of what they are expected to know by the end of the lesson. I don’t expect too much of my learners as it will take time for my learners to assimilate new knowledge. I make sure that I book the venue beforehand and make sure that I have enough chairs and tables in order to accommodate the students. I will also check if the environment is appropriate for any special requirements. The venue can be a boundary and the best use of it must be the tutor’s responsibility. I tend to keep myself up to date with information relating to my subject area as well as my profession. I refer back to the National Qualification Curriculum Handbook so that I am able to set out activities based upon the learners ability. A boundary is that learners can expect the tutor to know everything. This is not possible. I must make sure that I have information and details on where information is available. Different aspect of diversity and inclusitivity were taken into account throughout the delivery of the lesson. Key Principle of Learning There are a number of theories that explore how people learn. These theories are dependent upon the thoughts and experiences. Individuals have their own way of learning and this can be influenced by their experience in their childhood, school, personal or professional relationships. These theories will assist me to understand my learners effectively. Laird (1985) introduced the sensory theory which suggests that by using the senses (sight, hearing, touching, smelling and taste) will enable you to remember learn effectively. Laird (1985) suggests that if multi senses are stimulated then greater learning is taking place. Laird quotes research that found that the vast majority of knowledge held by adults (75%) is learned through seeing. Hearing is the next most effective (about 13%) and the other senses touch, smell and taste account for 12% of what we know. By stimulating the senses, especially the visual sense, learning can be enhanced. I will make sure that I adopt a variety of teaching strategies and resources to allow my learners to use as many of their senses as possible. Experimental theory was is also a very useful theory based upon the process of how people understand their experiences, and as a result alter their behavior. This theory considers it to be beneficial for continuous reflection as this will gives an opportunity to modify our behavior. Kolb identified four distinct processes which identified methods of learning. Kolb (1984) produced a cycle of learning Experiential learning theory defines learning as the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping and transforming experience Kolb (1984). This theory emphasizes that without reflection we would continue to repeat our mistakes. [pic] The Two models (Concrete Experience) and (Abstract Conceptualization) are both related forms of grasping experience whilst the other two (Reflective Observation) (RO) and (Active Experimentation) are based upon transforming experience. Concrete Experience – This based upon the experiences of teaching. Reflecting upon – This is where I consider whether my lesson went well or not. If it didn’t go so well, what were the causes of it? At this stage I am critically judging myself. Planning Active Experimentation – At the final I will identify ways to solve the problem. If I were to conduct the lesson again how would I do it differently? What methods would I adopt and why? I always apply this theory to evaluate my teaching practice. In order for reflection to be effective I am always honest. I try not to blame my students in the process. I always take into consideration my learners learning styles as this will encourage learning. It is very important to identify my weaknesses so that I am able to address the issue and transform it to success. I get my mentor to continuously observe me as this helps me to get a more objective view of my teaching skills. Motivation There are types of motivation one is intrinsic which means the learners wants to learn or extrinsic meaning that there are taking part in learning due to external factors such as wanting to gain a promotion or gain citizenship. The motivation of the learner is mainly dependent upon the teacher. Therefore I must promote a professional relationship which will lead to individual learning and trust. Some learners may be already inspired to learning where other learners must be challenged, inspired and stimulated. There are many factors that affect a learner motivation to learn. In order to motivate my learner I will do the following: 1. Treat them with respect 2. Set clear targets 3. Create a friendly environment 4. Maintained organised and create challenging tasks 5. Make tasks interesting, practical and relevant 6. Use a variety of teaching strategies to reach all learning styles 7. Avoid competition 8. Be aware of their attention span 9. Give constructive feedback [pic] This is a theory of human motivation which has set up a hierarchy of five levels of basic needs which has been produced by Maslow (1954). The physiological needs are the basic survival needs, such as food, water and shelter (Petty 2001). If these needs are met i. e. the learners are well fed, are not thirsty and are neither too warm nor too cold, then the higher needs take their place (Petty 2001). It will be very difficult for a learner to remain motivated if they are hungry or thirsty or too warm. Room temperature is a big problem in some of the temporary buildings in which I teach, these buildings get far too warm in the summer and can be stifling in the winter. One of the first things I do when I arrive in one of these classrooms is to get the learners to open the windows so that the temperature falls and the room becomes less stuffy. Safety needs are concerned with physical and physiological safety (Gary2001). This means that the learners need to be in an environment where they do not feel anxiety or dread, and that the environment is stable (Petty 2001). Basically this means that the teacher should not use threats or punishment or any technique that would belittle or intimidate a learner. The teacher needs to establish the learning environment as one of trust. Social needs are concerned with the need to feel part of a social group (Gray et al 2001). If these needs are not met then the learner can feel lonely, and can feel hostility towards other members of the group. The esteem needs cover self esteem needs (desire for achievement, confidence and to be able to cope by oneself), and respect, where the learner desires recognition, status and dignity (Petty 2001). The self actualisation needs cover personal growth and development, self expression and the need to search for identity (Petty 2001). According to Petty (2001) if the first two needs are met then a teacher can harness Maslow’s needs by making sure that: All learners feel valued, accepted and included and that a group ethos is developed. There is also opportunity for group work · All students experience success, and get praise and other reinforcement. There are opportunities for learners to gain respect from the teacher and from the other learners · Routine tasks sometimes make way for choice, creative work and other opportunities for learners to express their individuality. The teacher gives opportunity for the learners to think for themselves and to satisfy their curiosity. Using these techniques will maintain a learner’s motivation, as will the use of praise and constructive criticism (Petty 2001). I always made sure that I kept Maslow Hierarchy into consideration as this will help me to create a positive learning environment. â€Å"Independent Learning is that learning in which the learner, in conjunction with relevant others, can make the decisions necessary to meet the learners own learning needs†. Kesten (1987). Successful independent learning depends upon internal and external factors. External factors involve the teacher and student relationship and the enabling learning environment. I noticed that independent learning is very beneficial as it motivated the learner as well as improving their management skills in terms of managing their learning. I always make sure that I encourage independent learning as I set out tasks where that require independent work. I deliver the Esol programme. I have about six students at different levels. I deliver a 4 hour lesson in the evening. My students tend to be very tired as the lesson takes place in the evening. I attempt to keep the students stimulated and motivated. It is my responsibility that the learner has a clear understanding of what the topic is, understand the learning objectives and how they will know if they have achieved the learning outcomes. Organisation is very important. It is necessary that to have the materials prepared beforehand, you must have enough handouts, a PowerPoint set up and extensive work set so that students are kept busy at all times. All the students must be learning. Teacher main objective is to facilitate learning. Reece ( 2002). Group Learning A group is a collection of individuals. Each individual will have their own personality. Taking part in group work can have an influence upon the learner’s behaviour. Group dynamics can change. For instance when a new learner joins the course late there can be personality clashes. In order to overcome this problem I will make sure that I make the learner feel welcome as well as pairing them with another learner as this encourage socialisation. I reinforce group work all the time and making sure that all my learners are taking part. Sometimes group work can get out of control therefore I must recognize the roles that various learners play as this will enable me to mix the learners into different groups. Groups of people go through stages when they meet. According to Tuckman (1965) group participants go through five stages: 1. Forming – This is the stage where learners get to know one another and I will make them aware of the boundaries and code of conduct. 2. Storming – This is where conflict arises as disagreements will take place 3. Norming – Learners exchange their ideas and group member get along with one another 4. Performing – Learners are confident at this stage to express their ideas and are enthusiastic to complete the task given 5. Adjourning – At this stage the task is successfully completed. Most learners went to keep in touch It is more than likely that most learner’s will complete five stages however there are some learners may not as they will move backwards and forwards in the process. It takes hard work and planning as groups take time to form and work together effectively. Learning Styles Honey and Mumford Questionnaire I also considered it vital to make sure that each learner completes a VAK questionnaire. Every learner has different styles of learning. So therefore as a teacher it was necessary that I referred some learning theories so that I could meet individual needs. Developing from Kolb’s work Honey and Mumford (1982) built a set of interventions which helps students and teachers to realise the diversity that exists in a group of people. They suggested that there are four styles Activist Theorist Pragmatist Reflector Active Processor ? Concrete perceivers absorb information through direct experiences by doing, acting, sensing and feeling. These individual have a preference for work placements, lab work. In other words they enjoy practical work rather than theory. To assist these learners a practical aspect will work more than additional examples. Abstract and reflective processors make sense of experience by immediately using the new information. These learners can be accommodated by making use of review question and the question and answer technique ? Reflective processors usually refer back to an experience. To assist these learners material must be given in advance. It is likely that these learner will perform at a low level withi n a practical task because the notes are not given in advance The VAK questionnaire gives me an idea of the style of learning that my students prefer. To avoid creating barriers for learning to take place I will make sure that I produce a scheme of work with a range of instruction methods to utilize all four learning styles. It is very important to assess learner styles so that they learn quickly and efficiently. Learners need to overcome a number of barriers to learn effectively such as social, physical, and organizational skills and to have a course that is open to many different types of learning styles as possible. An Individual Educational Plan is formed for each student so that we can accommodate the student’s needs. IEP is discussed later on in the essay. Domains of Learning ‘Blooms Taxonomy’ attempts to classify and form levels of learning. He suggests that learning goes through stages 1. Attention 2. Perception 3. Understanding 4. Short/long term memory 5. Change in behaviour Blooms (1956) states that this can affect thinking and actions. These are called domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. These are organised in a series of levels. One must not try to attempt to address higher level until the levels below are not completed. It provides a way of categorising learning. When planning learning I always make sure that I consider the domains that I want to reach. Facilitating Learning The subject that you will teach will extinguish the style of my delivery. This can formal, informal or a mixture of both. Formal delivery is in a form of a lecture, demonstration, and presentation. Informal teaching is more on the practical aspect as this will involve group work and practical activities. My subject is a mixture of both. I tend to conduct a demonstration before my learners can undertake the tasks or activities set out. I always remain confident when teaching. I try my level best to inspire my learners in order to maintain their interest. I am very passionate about my subject as this does reflect back upon the learners. I always remain professional because if I become too personal my learners will lose respect for me. My learners are attending the course for many different reasons. Some are voluntary and others may be attending for socialising rather than achieving a qualification therefore I must attempt to interest and motivate my learners so that they want to achieve. I do not show favouritism amongst my students as I always treat my students equally. I never lose my temper as this will show the learners that I am frustrated. This shows that the learners are taking control. I never make threats or touch my learners as this is unprofessional behaviour. I try to maintain a positive approach, be fair, friendly and organised. The main motivation is developed by making sure all my learners are learning and participating and making sure that I teach my subject in an interesting and challenging manner. Communication â€Å"Communication is a two way process, where you want to communicate to your students and you want your students to communicate with you†. Question and answer is a good way to develop this interactional style of communication. Reece (2003). In order to ensure that good communication takes place it is necessary to create an effective learning environment. To achieve this I need to make sure that there is trust between the tutor, learners and the institute. It is also method to recall information as well as and it assesses whether learning is taking place. Communication can take form in the m anner of expression such as body language, gestures, and voice. First impressions are considered to be very important. The learners tend to make a judgement during the first meeting as well as the teachers about their learners. However these judgements change over a period of time. Non verbal plays an important role in communication. I always make sure that I show good eye contact, always smile, I use the correct use of language, tone of voice, eye movement and other action that will result in a friendly Some gestures you may not realise such as hand movements. It is useful to have a video recording of my lesson so that I can identify my weaknesses. I make sure that whilst I write on the board or the flip chart I must not talk to my learners as this can be distracting for the learners to do two things at one time. It may also result in the learners not being able to hear me speak and miss out vital information. â€Å"Fault communication cause most problems†. â€Å"Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit†. Therefore I always make sure that I use the three P’s (Pitch-Pause-Pace). To ensure that the three P’s are effective. I must make sure that I speak clearly as this is the means to transmit clear information. I believe that in order to be an effective teacher it is necessary to communicate effectively. Without successful communication there is no learning taking place. I ensure that I adjust of my communication according to the standards of the class. . I always provide positive

Using Free Self Concept Essay Samples to Write the Best Essay

Using Free Self Concept Essay Samples to Write the Best EssayWhen applying for admission to the online school, you will be given numerous free slef concept essay samples. These will most likely be used as a sort of training phase where you can practice writing an essay about your academic achievements, past work experience and academic expertise.Free slef sample essays are very useful because it will help you come up with your own essay. It will also let you familiarize yourself with the concepts, format and techniques of the free self concept essays. By using them, you will be able to write essays that have a professional touch. The material is tested and submitted by a professional writer, and is then reviewed and accepted by the school's admissions committee.In order to use these concept essay samples, you will need to sign up and then use the whitelist. There will be a list of words that will not be allowed in the essay and they are:Any reference to text such as word-for-word quo tations, paraphrases, and other extraneous words in your essay. Any passages that do not provide your own intellectual ideas. Any words that are not relevant to the topic of the essay.Example sentences, which may contain an incorrect spelling or punctuation. Any word or phrase that does not relate to the topic at hand. Any words or phrases that are grammatically incorrect. Any sentence, paragraph or whole of work that is not clear.It is the most important part of your application and is used by the school to decide whether or not you will be accepted into the school. Using the samples is crucial to getting a better acceptance.As long as you have an idea about the format and use of a particular sample essay, you will be able to use it to write a better essay. Using it will also help you hone your writing skills as you write out the topic.